Preventing Unintended Pregnancies
1.
Additional efforts are needed to provide information on contraceptive method use to women living with HIV (or whose serostatus is unknown) who do not desire to have a child or wish to space the next pregnancy.
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2.
Programs must adhere to the longstanding international agreement to voluntarism, informed consent, and ensuring the right of individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children.
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3.
Providers need training on contraception, including non-directive counseling and reducing stigma and discrimination for HIV-positive women.
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4.
Interventions to increase dual protection and dual method use are needed.
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5.
Efforts are needed to capitalize on opportunities to integrate family planning and HIV services.
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6.
Policy guidelines need to specify how family planning should be addressed in HIV prevention, treatment and care.
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7.
Women living with HIV need information and access to services for emergency contraception; safe abortion, where legal; and post-abortion care (PAC) services where abortion is illegal. Research is also needed on the safest methods of abortion for HIV-positive women.
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8.
Efforts are needed to address barriers to ensure that women living with HIV can access and use contraceptives without the knowledge of their partner, if desired.
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9.
Potential drug interaction between contraceptive options and treatment for TB and HIV co-infection must be considered.
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10.
Additional efforts are needed to reduce the structural barriers, such as gender norms, that influence the behavior or decisions of people living with HIV to engage in unsafe sex.
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11.
Providers need additional skills and resources to provide non-judgmental, confidential safer sex counseling to people living with HIV.
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