References

Iakobishvili, E. 2012. Cause for Alarm: The Incarceration of Women for Drug Offences in Europe and Central Asia, and the Need for Legislative and Sentencing Reform. London, UK: International Harm Reduction Association. http://www.ihra.net/files/2012/03/11/HRI_WomenInPrisonReport.pdf

Ickovics, J., S. Milan, R. Boland, E. Schoenbaum, P. Schuman and D. Vlahov and the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) Group. 2006. “Psychological Resources Protect Health: 5-Year Survival and Immune Function among HIV-Infected Women from Four US Cities.” AIDS 20 (14): 1851-60.

Idele, P., Gillespie A., Porth, T., Suzuki, C., Mahy, M., Kasedde, S. and Luo, C. (2014). Effective approaches for programming to reduce adolescent vulnerability to HIV infection, HIV risk, and HIV-related morbidity and mortality: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66(2): s154-s169.

Idemyor, V. 2007. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Malaria Interaction in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Collision of Two Titans.” HIV Clinical Trials 8 (4): 246-253.

Idoko, J., O. Agbaji, P. Agaba, C. Akolo, B. Inuwa, Z. Hassan, L. Akintunde, B. Badung, M. Muazu, M. Danang, G. Imade, J. Sankale and P. Kanki. 2007. “Direct Observation Therapy-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: The Use of Community Treatment Support Can be Effective.” International Journal of STD & AIDS 18 (11): 760-3.

Igumbor, J., E. Scheepers, R. Ebrahim, A. Jason and A. Grimwood. 2011. “An Evaluation of the Impact of a Community-based Adherence Support Programme on ART Outcomes in Selected Government HIV Treatment Sites in South Africa.” AIDS Care 23 (2): 231-236.

Iheanacho, T., Obiefune, M., Ezeanolue, C. O., Ogedegbe, G., Nwanyanwu, O. C., Ehiri, J. E., Ohaeri, J. and Ezeanolue, E. E. (2015). Integrating mental health screening into routine community maternal and child health activity: experience from Prevention of Mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) trial in Nigeria. Social Psychiatry And Psychiatric Epidemiology, 50(3): 489-495. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0952-7

Ijigu, G. M., Gemeda, D. H., and Angamo, M. T. (2015). Maternal immunologic and clinical response to antiretroviral therapy initiation before or during pregnancy in HIV-1 infected women and associated factors in Southwest Ethiopia. Gulhane Medical Journal, 57(2): 152-159. doi:10.5455/gulhane.155305

Iliff, P., E. Piwoz, N. Tavengwa, C. Zunguza, E. Marinda, K. Nathoo, L. Moulton, B. Ward, J. Humphrey and the ZVITAMBO Study Group. 2005. “Early Exclusive Breastfeeding Reduces the Risk of Postnatal HIV-1 Transmission and Increases HIV-Free Survival.” AIDS 19 (7): 699-708.

Iliyasu, Z., I. Abubakar, M. Kabir, M. Babashani, F. Shuaib and M. Aliyu. 2009. “Correlates of Fertility Intentions among HIV/AIDS Patients in Northern Nigeria.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 13 (3): 71-84.

Imbuki, K., C. Todd, M. Stibich, D. Shaffer and S. Sinei. 2009. “Factors Influencing Contraceptive Choice and Discontinuation among HIV-positive Women in Kericho, Kenya.” Abstract. International Conference on Family Planning. Muyonyo, Uganda. Nov. 15-18. www.fpconference.org

Imbuki, K., C. Todd, M. Stibich, D. Shaffer and S. Sinei. 2010. “Factors Influencing Contraceptive Choice and Discontinuation among HIV-Positive Women in Kericho, Kenya.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 14 (4): 103-114.

In Re The Estate Of Lerionka Ole Ntutu (deceased). 2008. eKLR, Succession Cause 1263 of 2000, decided 19 November 2008. Nairobi, Kenya: The High Court of Kenya.

Indian Supreme Court (Indian SC), Vishaka v. State Of Rajasthan, 1997. http://www.iiap.res.in/files/VisakaVsRajasthan_1997.pdf

Infante, C., P. Aggleton and P. Pridmore. 2009. “Forms and Determinants of Migration and HIV/AIDS-related Stigma on the Mexican-Guatemalan Border.” Qualitative Health Research 19 (12): 1656-1668.

INFO Project. 2007. “Closing the Effectiveness Gap.” INFO Reports. No. 13. http://info.k4health.org/inforeports/effectiveness/index.shtml

Innes, C., S. Charalambous, M. Felix, K. Fielding, A. Grant, and G. Churchyard. 2010. “Effectiveness of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Reducing Mortality in Patients on ART.” Paper 102. 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, USA. February 16-19.

Insight Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) Study Group. 2015. Why START? Reflections that led to the conduct of this large long-term strategic HIV trial. HIV Medicine, 16(Supplment 1), 1-9.

Institute of Medicine (IOM). 2005. Scaling Up Treatment for the AIDS Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities.Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.

Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (IOM). 2013. Evaluation of PEPFAR. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (IOM, NAS). 2001. No Time to Lose: Getting More from HIV Prevention, edited by M. Ruiz, A. Gable, E. Kaplan, M. Stoto, H. Fineberg and J. Trussell. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (IOM, NAS). 2011. Preparing for the Future of HIV/AIDS in Africa: A Shared Responsibility. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (IOM, NAS). Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High-risk Countries. 2007. Preventing HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High Risk Countries: An Assessment of the Evidence. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11731

Institute of Migration (IOM), Counter Trafficking Unit. 2001. Return and Reintegration Project, Situation Report. Pristina, Kosovo: IOM.

Institute of Reproductive Health (IRH). 2011. Utilizing Participatory Data Collection Methods to Evaluate Programs for Very Young Adolescents: An Evaluation of Save the Children’s Choices Curriculum in Siraha, Nepal.” Washington, DC: IRH. www.irh.org

Inter-Agency Standing Committee, UNAIDS. 2010. Guidelines for Addressing HIV in Humanitarian Settings. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.

Inter-Agency Working Group on Key Populations. 2014. "HIV and Young People Who Sell Sex: A Technical Brief (Draft)." Inter-Agency Working Group on Key Populations.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (ICHR). 2001a. Report n° 4/10: case 11625 Maria Eugenia Morales de Sierra v. Guatemala January 19, 2001.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (ICHR). 2001b. Report n° 54/1: Case 12051 Maria Da Penha Mai Fernandez v. Brazil, April 16, 2001.

Interact Worldwide, International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Global AIDS Alliance, Population Action International, IPPF, and Friends of the Global Fund Africa. 2008. “Guidelines for Integrating Sexual and Reproductive Health into the HIV/AIDS Component Country Coordinated Proposals to be Submitted to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Round 8 and Beyond.” http://www.globalaidsalliance.org/page/-/PDFs/Round_8_GFATM_SRH-HIV_Proposal_Guidelines.pdf

Interagency Gender Working Group: Gender and HIV/AIDS Task Force. ND. “Gender Based Violence and HIV/AIDS: Key Issues and Promising Approaches.” Washington, DC: IGWG.

International AIDS Society (IAS). 2010. Willing We End the HIV Epidemic The Impact of HIV Treatment on HIV Prevention and Implications for the Replenishment of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria. Geneva, Switzerland: IAS.

International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). 2010. Scaling Up the Response to HIV Stigma and Discrimination. Washington, DC: ICRW.

International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). 2006. Information Bulletin: Reducing HIV/AIDS Stigma, Discrimination and Gender-Based Violence among Health Care Providers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Washington, DC: ICRW. www.icrw.org

International Center for Research on Women (ICRW). 2016. "Child Marriage Facts and Figures." ICRW. Retrieved from: http://www.icrw.org/child-marriage-facts-and-figures.

International Community of Women Living with HIV (ICW) and Global Network of People living with HIV (GNP+). (2015). Early infant diagnosis: Understanding the perceptions, values and preferences of women living with HIV in Kenya, Namibia and Nigeria. http://www.iamicw.org and www.gnpplus.net

International Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (ICW). 2004. HIV-Positive Young Women. Vision Paper 1. London, UK: ICW.

International Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (ICW). 2006a. Trialling of the Monitoring Tool Fulfilling Reproductive Rights for Women Affected by HIV. A Tool for Monitoring Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Botswana Project Report. London, UK: ICW. www.icw.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (ICW). 2006b. Fulfilling Reproductive Rights for Women Affected by HIV: A Tool for Monitoring Achievement of Millennium Development Goals (Prepared by IPAS, The Pacific Institute for Women’s Health and ICW) in Botswana. London, UK. www.icw.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (ICW). 2008. Addressing the Needs of HIV Positive Women for Safe Abortion Care. London, UK: ICW. www.icw.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV and AIDS (ICW). 2009. The Forced and Coerced Sterilization of HIV Positive Women in Namibia. London, UK: ICW. www.icw.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV Eastern Africa (ICWEA). 2015. Violation of sexual and reproductive health rights of women living with HIV in clinical and community setting in Uganda. www.icwea.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV, UGANET, and UNAIDS. 2015. Putting human rights and women at the centre of the eMTCT response increases health outcomes in Uganda. . www.icwea.org

International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (ICW). 2015, June 15. To START, or not to START: A Holistic Approach to Treatment Initiation; ICW reflections on early treatment initiation.

International Council of AIDS Service Organizations (ICASO). 2010. Investing in Community Advocacy for HIV Prevention: Showing Results. Toronto: ICASO. www.icaso.org

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 16 December 1966, 21 UN GAOR Supp (No 16) at 49, 999 UNTS 171.

International Development Law Organization and UNAIDS. 2010. Scaling up HIV-related Legal Services: Report of Case Studies: Ukraine, Kenya and India. Rome: International Development Law Organization (IDLO) and Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS. www.idlo.int

International Disability and Development Consortium. 2012. IDDC Policy Briefing on HIV & AIDS and Disability. Brussels, Belgium: IDDC. www.iddcconsortium.net

International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). 2011. Female Contraceptive Sterilization. London, UK: FIGO. www.figo.org

International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC). 2007. Off the Map: How HIV/AIDS Programming is Failing Same-Sex Practicing People in Africa. New York, NY: IGLRH. www.iglhrc.org

International Group on Analysis of Trends in HIV Prevalence and Behaviors in Young People in Countries Most Affected by HIV. 2010. “Trends in HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behavior among Young People aged 15-24 Years in Countries Most Affected by HIV.” Sexually Transmitted Infections 86 (Supplement 2): ii72-ii83.

International Harm Reduction Development Program, Open Society Institute (IHRD, OSI). 2008. “Barriers to Access: Medication-assisted Treatment and Injection-Driven HIV Epidemics.” New York, NY: OSI.

International Harm Reduction Development Program, Open Society Institute (IHRD, OSI). ND. “Women’s Health and Harm Reduction: Communities Working Together to Save Lives.” New York, NY: OSI.

International HIV/AIDS Alliance. 2007. “Sex Work, Violence and HIV.” Brighton, UK: Alliance. www.aidsalliance.org

International Labor Organization (ILO). 2001. “An ILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work.” Geneva, Switzerland: ILO.

International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO). 2005. Joint ILO/WHO Guidelines on Health Services and HIV/AIDS. Switzerland, Geneva: World Health Organization. www.who.int/hiv/pub/prev_care/who-ilo-guidelines.pdf. [3/17/2010].

International Palliative Care Initiative, Open Society Foundations (OSF). 2010. Easing the Pain: Successes and Challenges in International Palliative Care. New York, NY: OSF www.soros.org

International Perinatal HIV Group. 1999. “The Mode of Delivery and the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.” New England Journal of Medicine 340: 977-87.

International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) , ICW Global, GIZ, UNAIDS and Global Coalition on Women and AIDS. 2011. Piecing it together for Women and Girls: The Gender Dimensions of HIV-related Stigma. Evidence from Bangladesh, the Dominican Republic and Ethiopia. London, UK: IPPF.

International Planned Parenthood Federation/Western Hemisphere Region (IPPF/WHR). 2000. Manual for Evaluating Quality of Care from a Gender Perspective. New York, NY: IPPF/WRH. www.ippfwhr.org.

International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC). 2009. Missing the Target: Failing Women, Failing Children: HIV, Vertical Transmission and Women’s Health, On-the-ground Research in Argentina, Cambodia, Moldova, Morroco, Uganda, Zimbabwe. www.itpcglobal.org

International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC). 2014. ACT Toolkit: Advocacy for community treatment, strengthening community responses to HIV treatment and prevention. New York, NY.

International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC). 2011. The Long Walk: Ensuring Comprehensive Care of Women and Families to End Vertical Transmission of HIV: Community Experiences of Efforts to Prevent Vertical Transmission of HIV in Ten Countries. www.itpcglobal.org 

International Women’s Health Coalition (IWHC). 2007. Overlooked and Uninformed: Young Adolescents’ Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. New York, NY: IWHC. www.iwhc.org

International Women’s Health Coalition (IWHC). 2008. “Triple Jeopardy: Female Adolescence, Sexual Violence and HIV/AIDS.” New York, NY. www.iwhc.org

Inwani, I., D. Mbori-Ngacha, R. Nduati, E. Obimbo, D. Wamalwa, G. John-Stewart and C. Farquhar. 2009. “Performance of Clinical Algorithms for HIV-1 Diagnosis and Antiretroviral Initiation among HIV-1 Exposed Children Aged Less than 18 Months in Kenya.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50 (5): 492-498.

Ioannidis, J., A. Tatsioni, E. Abrams, M. Bulterys, R. Coombs, J. Goedert, B. Korber, M. Mayaux, L. Mofenson, J. Moye, M. Newell, D. Shapiro, J. Teglas, B. Thompson and J. Wiener. 2004. “Maternal Viral Load and Rate of Disease Progression among Vertically HIV-1-Infected Children: An International Meta-Analysis.” AIDS 18: 99-108.

Ioannidis, J., E. Abrams, A. Ammann, M. Bulterys, J. Goedert, L. Gray, B. Korber, M. Mayaux, L. Mofenson, M. Newell, D. Shapiro, J. Teglas and C. Wilfert. 2000. “Perinatal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I by Pregnant Women with RNA Virus Loads <1000 copies/ml.” Journal of Infectious Diseases 183 (4): 539-545.

Irlam J. K., Visser M. M. E., Rollins N. N., Siegfried N. (2012). Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12.

Irlam, H., M. Visser, N. Rollins and N. Siegfried. 2010. “Micronutrient Supplementation in Children and Adults with HIV Infection (Review).” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (12): CD003650.

Ironson, G., S. Weiss, D. Lydston, M. Ishii, D. Jones, D. Asthana, J. Tobin, S. Lechner, A. Laperriere, N. Schneiderman and M. Antoni. “The Impact of Improved Self-Efficacy on HIV Viral Load and Distress in Culturally Diverse Women Living with AIDS: The SMART/EST Women's Project.” AIDS Care 17 (2): 222-36.

Irvin, A. 2000. “Taking Steps of Courage: Teaching Adolescents about Sexuality and Gender in Nigeria and Cameroun.” New York, NY: International Women’s Health Coalition.

Irwin, A., A. Adams, and A. Winter. 2009. Home Truths: Facing the Facts on Children, AIDS, and Poverty – Final Report of the Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS. Boston, MA: Joint Learning Initiative on Children and HIV/AIDS (JLICA).

Ishida, K., P. Stupp and O. McDonald. 2011. “Prevalence and Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors among Jamaican Adolescents.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 37 (1): 6-15.

Ishikawa, N., K. Ishigaki, M. Ghidinelli, K. Ikeda, M. Honda, H. Miyamoto, K. Kakimoto and S. Oka. 2011b. “Pediatric HIV and Elimination of Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV in the ASEAN Region: A Call to Action.” AIDS Care 23 (4): 413-416.

Ishikawa, N., P. Pridmore, R. Carr-Hill and K. Chaimuangdee. 2011a. “The Attitudes of Primary Schoolchildren in Northern Thailand towards their Peers Who are Affected by HIV and AIDS.” AIDS Care 23 (2): 237-244.

Ishikawa, N., P. Pridmore, R. Carr-Hill, and K. Chaimuangdee, 2010. “Breaking Down the Wall of Silence Around Children Affected by AIDS in Thailand to Support Their Psychosocial Health.” AIDS Care 22 (3): 308-313.

Ishikawa, N., Shimbo, T., Miyano, S., Sikazwe, I., Mwango, A., Ghidinelli, M. N., and Syakantu, G. (2014). Health outcomes and cost impact of the new WHO 2013 guidelines on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Zambia. PLoS ONE, 9(3): e90991 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090991

Islam, M., K. Conigrave, S. Miah and K. Kalam. 2010. “HIV Awareness of Outgoing Female Migrant Workers of Bangladesh: A Pilot Study.” Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health 12 (6): 940-946.

Islander, F. 2006. Plenary Presentation. XVI International AIDS Conference. Toronto, Canada. August 13-18.

Ismail, H. and A. Ali. 2009. “Status of ANC-linked HIV Counseling and Testing as an Intervention for PMTCT in Public Health Facilities in Addis Ababa: Quality of HIV Counseling Given to Pregnant Women for PMTCT.” Ethiopian Journal of Health Development 23 (3): 190-198.

Ivers, L., J. Jerome, K. Cullen, W. Lambert, F. Cellitti and B. Samb. 2008. “Task-shifting in HIV Care: A Nurse-centered, Community-based Model of Care in Rural Haiti.” Abstract WEAX0103. XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, Mexico. August 3-8.

Ivers, L., Y. Chang, J. Jerome, W. Lambert, J. Mukherjee and K. Freedberg. 2008. “Targeted Food Assistance Improves Food Security and Quality of Life in People Living with HIV in Haiti.” Abstract TUPE0663. XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, Mexico. August 3-8.

Iwuji, C., B. Mayanja, H. Weiss, E. Atuhumuza, P. Hughes, D. Maher and H. Grosskurth. 2011. “Morbidity in HIV-1-Infected Individuals Before and After The Introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy: a Longitudinal Study of a Population-Based Cohort in Uganda.” HIV Medicine 12: 553-561.

Ixcot, M., J. Ikeda and N. Hearst. 2008. “Integration of HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Antenatal Control in Community Clinics in Rural Guatemala.” Abstract TUPDE103. XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, Mexico. August 3-8.

Izenberg, J. and F. Altice. 2010. “Next Steps for Ukraine Abolition of HIV Registries, Implementation of Routine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Expansion of Services.” Addiction 105 (3): 569-570.

Izugbara, C., C. Undie, N. Mudege and A. Ezeh. 2009. “Male Youth and Voluntary Counseling and HIV Testing: The Case of Malawi and Uganda.” Sex Education 9 (3): 243-259.

Izumi, K, Ch. Deshapande, G. Larson, C. Ragasa and R.van Deijk. 2009. Thematic Note: Protecting Women’s Land and Property Rights in the Context of AIDS. World Bank Gender and Agriculture.